A Detailed Guide to High School Courses

High school is a time of exploration, growth, and setting the stage for future success. With so many courses on offer, it can be overwhelming to decide which subjects to take. In this comprehensive directory, we’ve broken down high school subjects into meaningful categories, provided a quick overview of each course, and noted any prerequisites or important details. Whether you're planning your schedule or just curious about what high school has to offer, read on for a friendly and detailed guide!

Language Arts & Literature

English/Language Arts (Freshman to Senior Levels)

• Overview: Focuses on reading comprehension, writing, literature analysis, and communication skills.

• Prerequisites: Generally none for introductory courses; advanced levels may require successful completion of previous English courses.

• Notes: Courses may include creative writing, journalism, or literature electives depending on the school.

Creative Writing

• Overview: Encourages self-expression through poetry, fiction, and non-fiction writing.

• Prerequisites: Basic proficiency in English; sometimes recommended for upperclassmen.

• Notes: Often offered as an elective, perfect for aspiring authors or poets.

Public Speaking & Debate

• Overview: Develops oral communication and persuasive speaking skills.

• Prerequisites: Completion of introductory language arts courses is beneficial.

• Notes: Great for students interested in leadership, law, or debate competitions.

Mathematics

Algebra I

• Overview: Introduction to variables, equations, and functions.

• Prerequisites: Basic arithmetic and pre-algebra skills.

• Notes: Fundamental for all higher-level math courses.

Geometry

• Overview: Explores shapes, sizes, and the properties of space.

• Prerequisites: Algebra I is typically required.

• Notes: Emphasizes logical reasoning and spatial visualization.

Algebra II/Pre-Calculus

• Overview: Expands on algebraic concepts and introduces trigonometry.

• Prerequisites: Successful completion of Algebra I and Geometry.

• Notes: Serves as a bridge to calculus.

Calculus

• Overview: Covers limits, derivatives, and integrals.

• Prerequisites: Pre-Calculus or equivalent.

• Notes: Often available as an Advanced Placement (AP) course.

Statistics

• Overview: Introduces data analysis, probability, and statistical reasoning.

• Prerequisites: Algebra II or Pre-Calculus may be recommended.

• Notes: Increasingly popular due to its real-world applications.

To know about these courses in further detail, download our Comprehensive High School Courses Guide.

Science

General Science

• Overview: Provides a broad overview of scientific principles across biology, chemistry, physics, and earth science.

• Prerequisites: Basic math and reading skills.

• Notes: Typically taken in freshman year as a survey course.

Biology

• Overview: Studies living organisms, ecosystems, and genetics.

• Prerequisites: General Science or a lab science introduction.

• Notes: Often includes lab work and experiments.

Chemistry

• Overview: Focuses on the properties of substances, chemical reactions, and periodic trends.

• Prerequisites: A background in General Science or Biology may be beneficial.

• Notes: Includes both theoretical and practical lab sessions.

Physics

• Overview: Explores the principles of matter, energy, and the forces of nature.

• Prerequisites: Algebra II/Pre-Calculus; some schools require a prior science course.

• Notes: Emphasizes problem-solving and quantitative analysis.

Environmental Science

• Overview: Examines ecological systems, human impact on the environment, and sustainability.

• Prerequisites: General Science; sometimes an interest in biology or chemistry.

• Notes: Combines classroom learning with field studies.

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Social Studies & History

World History/Geography

• Overview: Surveys global civilizations, cultures, and historical events.

• Prerequisites: None typically required.

• Notes: Provides context for current global issues.

U.S. History

• Overview: Focuses on the history of the United States from colonization to modern times.

• Prerequisites: Often follows a world history course.

• Notes: Emphasizes critical thinking and source analysis.

Government & Economics

• Overview: Explores political systems, civic responsibilities, and economic principles.

• Prerequisites: U.S. History is usually recommended.

• Notes: Prepares students for informed citizenship and business studies.

Psychology/Sociology

• Overview: Studies human behavior, social interactions, and societal structures.

• Prerequisites: None or an introductory social studies course.

• Notes: Often offered as electives that provide insight into human dynamics.

Foreign Languages

Spanish, French, German, etc.

• Overview: Develops language skills including speaking, reading, and cultural understanding.

• Prerequisites: No prior experience required for introductory courses; advanced courses require successful completion of lower-level classes.

• Notes: Language electives can enhance college applications and global communication skills.

Latin or Classical Languages

• Overview: Offers insights into ancient languages, literature, and history.

• Prerequisites: Typically no formal prerequisites.

• Notes: Beneficial for students interested in law, medicine, or classical studies.

Arts & Music

Visual Arts (Drawing, Painting, Sculpture)

• Overview: Focuses on developing artistic techniques and creative expression.

• Prerequisites: None; open to beginners.

• Notes: Courses may be offered as electives with studio time.

Music (Band, Choir, Music Theory)

• Overview: Combines performance, theory, and appreciation of musical arts.

• Prerequisites: Vary by course; basic music courses are open to all students.

• Notes: Extracurricular ensembles often complement classroom learning.

Theater & Drama

• Overview: Develops acting, stage production, and dramatic literature analysis.

• Prerequisites: Generally open; some courses may require auditions.

• Notes: Ideal for creative students interested in performing arts.

Digital Arts & Photography

• Overview: Merges technology with creativity in visual media.

• Prerequisites: Basic computer skills; sometimes a portfolio review.

• Notes: Combines traditional art principles with modern technology.

Technology & Computer Science

Computer Science/Programming

• Overview: Introduces coding, algorithms, and computational thinking.

• Prerequisites: Often no formal prerequisites; some advanced courses may require introductory knowledge.

• Notes: Frequently includes project-based learning and hands-on coding.

Information Technology (IT)

• Overview: Covers computer applications, network basics, and digital literacy.

• Prerequisites: Generally accessible to beginners.

• Notes: Prepares students for certifications or technical careers.

Web Design & Digital Media

• Overview: Combines creative design with technical skills in web development.

• Prerequisites: Basic computer skills; sometimes an introductory course in digital arts is recommended.

• Notes: Focuses on both aesthetics and functionality.

Physical Education & Health

Physical Education (PE)

• Overview: Promotes physical fitness, teamwork, and healthy lifestyles.

• Prerequisites: None; open to all students.

• Notes: Often a required course with various activity options.

Health & Wellness

• Overview: Provides education on personal health, nutrition, mental well-being, and safety.

• Prerequisites: None; designed for all students.

• Notes: Emphasizes life skills and preventive care.

Sports & Athletics

• Overview: Offers specialized training in sports, often as part of extracurricular programs.

• Prerequisites: Varies by sport; may require tryouts or prior experience.

• Notes: Balances physical activity with team spirit and discipline.

Electives & Vocational Courses

Business & Entrepreneurship

• Overview: Teaches foundational business principles, economics, and entrepreneurial skills.

• Prerequisites: Basic math and English; sometimes U.S. History for contextual understanding.

• Notes: Prepares students for business careers and real-world financial literacy.

Culinary Arts

• Overview: Focuses on cooking techniques, nutrition, and kitchen management.

• Prerequisites: Generally none; passion for cooking is a plus!

• Notes: Often includes hands-on lab sessions and real-life culinary experiences.

Automotive Technology

• Overview: Offers training in vehicle maintenance, repair, and technical diagnostics.

• Prerequisites: None; some courses may require basic math skills.

• Notes: Ideal for students interested in mechanics or engineering careers.

Career & Technical Education (CTE)

• Overview: Provides practical skills in fields like healthcare, construction, or IT.

• Prerequisites: Varies by program; some might require prior coursework in related subjects.

• Notes: Designed to prepare students for immediate entry into specific careers.

Advanced Placement (AP) & Honors Courses

AP Courses (e.g., AP Biology, AP Calculus, AP U.S. History)

• Overview: College-level courses that offer the opportunity for college credit.

• Prerequisites: Strong performance in prerequisite courses; often recommended for juniors and seniors.

• Notes: Demanding and rigorous, they provide an academic challenge and enhance college applications.

Check out our Comprehensive High School Guide for AP Courses

Honors Courses

• Overview: More in-depth and challenging versions of standard courses across subjects.

• Prerequisites: Typically based on teacher recommendations and previous academic success.

• Notes: Ideal for students looking to push their boundaries and excel academically.

High School Courses and Which to Select

High school is not a one-size-fits-all experience, and the subjects you choose can help shape your future academic and career opportunities. This directory provides a snapshot of what might be available—always check with your local school or district for specific course offerings and any additional requirements. Happy exploring, and here’s to a rewarding high school journey full of learning and discovery!

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